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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
Heller, S., Pollack, H. A., Ander, R., & Ludwig, J. (2013). Preventing youth violence and dropout: A randomized field experiment (No. w19014). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
Cook, P., Dodge, K., Farkas, G., Fryer, R., Guryan, J., Ludwig, J. Mayer, S., Pollack, H., & Steinberg, L. (2014). The (surprising) efficacy of academic and behavioral intervention with disadvantaged youth: Results from a randomized experiment in Chicago. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
Mackin, J., Lucas, L., Lambarth, C., Herrera, T., Waller, M., Carey, S., & Finigan, M. (2010). Baltimore County Juvenile Drug Court outcome and cost evaluation. Portland, OR: NPC Research.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Fraker, T., Mamun, A., Manno, M., Martinez, J., Reed, D., Thompkins, A., & Wittenburg, D. (2012). The Social Security Administration’s Youth Transition Demonstration Projects: Interim report on West Virginia Youth Works. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
Fraker, T., Black, A., Broadus, J., Mamun, A., Manno, M., Martinez, J., McRoberts, R., Rangarajan, A., & Reed, D. (2011). The Social Security Administration’s Youth Transition Demonstration Projects: Interim report on the City University of New York’s Project. Report submitted to the Social Security Administration. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research.
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Implementation Analysis
Fraker, T., Honeycutt, T., Mamun, A., Manno, M., Martinez, J., O’Day, B., Reed, D., & Thompkins. A. (2012). The Social Security Administration’s Youth Transition Demonstration Projects: Interim report on Broadened Horizons, Brighter Futures. Report submitted to the Social Security Administration. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research.
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Implementation Analysis
Wiebush, R., Wagner, D., McNulty, B., Wang, Y., & Le, T. (2005). Implementation and outcome evaluation of the Intensive Aftercare Program: Final report. National Council on Crime and Delinquency. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
Topic Area: Justice-Involved Youth, Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
- The Tanzania Cash Plus Evaluation Team (2018). Tanzania Youth Study of the Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) impact evaluation: Endline report. Retrieved from: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/942-.html
Topic Area: Child Labor
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Child labor-Mod/high-Favorable impactsChild labor
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- The Tanzania Cash Plus Evaluation Team (2018). Tanzania Youth Study of the Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) impact evaluation: Endline report. Retrieved from: https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/942-.html
Topic Area: Child Labor
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Child labor-Mod/high-Mixed impactsChild labor
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains