Low Causal Evidence

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Displaying 91 - 100 of 482

Small firms, bigger changes: Health insurance coverage take-up rates in small firms after the ACA (Kattih, Mansour, & Mixon, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) on employee health insurance take-up rates. The study was a…
Standing desks for sedentary occupations: Assessing changes in satisfaction and health outcomes after six months of use (Resendiz et al., 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of standing desks on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and workplace satisfaction. The authors used a randomized controlled…
Tightened immigration policies and the self-employment dynamics of Mexican immigrants (Wang, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of immigration policies after September 11, 2001, on self-employment among Mexican immigrants. The study…
Impact of California’s safe patient handling legislation on musculoskeletal injury prevention among nurses (Lee et al., 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of Safe Patient Handling (SPH) legislation in California (AB1136) on musculoskeletal injuries and prevention of these injuries among hospital…
Career technical education and labor market outcomes: Evidence from California community colleges (Stevens, Kurlaender, & Grosz, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of career and technical education (CTE) programs on earnings. The authors used a nonexperimental…
Do targeted business subsidies improve income and reduce poverty? A synthetic control approach (Bundrick & Yuan 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Quick Action Closing Fund (QACF) on per capita personal income. The authors used a…
Coping with emotional labor: An intervention study (Weaver, Allen, and Byrne, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of a workshop providing teachers with information about emotional labor and coping strategies on burnout, helpful coping skills, and unhelpful…
Managing laggards: The importance of a deep sales bench (Boichuk et al., 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of a disincentive program for low-performing salespeople known as a “bench program” on productivity. …
Returns to compensation in trucking: Does safety pay? (Faulkiner & Belzer, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study's objective was to examine the impact of hiring experienced drivers and paying them higher wages, rather than hiring new drivers and paying lower wages, on continued employment at the…
Using mindfulness to reduce occupational stress and burnout in music teachers: A randomized controlled trial (Varona, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study's objective was to examine the impact of a mindfulness training program for music educators on occupational stress & burnout. This study was a randomized controlled trial…

CLEAR Icon Key

Below is a key for icons used to indicate important details about a study, such as its type, evidence rating, and outcome findings.

High Causal Evidence

Strong evidence the effects are caused by the examined intervention.
Moderate Causal Evidence

Evidence that the effects are caused to some degree by the examined intervention.
Low Causal Evidence

Little evidence that the effects are caused by the examined intervention.
Causal Impact Analysis

Uses quantitative methods to assess the effectiveness of a program, policy, or intervention.
Descriptive Analysis

Describes a program, policy, or intervention using qualitative or quantitative methods.
Implementation Analysis

Examines the implementation of a program, policy, or intervention.
Favorable

The study found at least one favorable impact in the outcome domain, and no unfavorable impacts.
Mixed

The study found some favorable and some unfavorable impacts in the outcome domain.
None

The study found no statistically significant impacts in the outcome domain.
Unfavorable

The study found at least one unfavorable impact in the outcome domain, and no favorable impacts.
Not applicable

Not applicable because no outcomes were examined in the outcome domain.
Favorable - low evidence

The study found at least one favorable impact in the outcome domain, and no unfavorable impacts. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Mixed - low evidence

The study found some favorable and some unfavorable impacts in the outcome domain. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.
None - low evidence

The study found no statistically significant impacts in the outcome domain. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Unfavorable - low evidence

The study found at least one unfavorable impact in the outcome domain, and no favorable impacts. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.