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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
Synthesis Report: Older Workers Synthesis
Topic Area: Older Workers
Findings:
Although most workforce programs serve older workers, few specifically focus on this population, and research has not evaluated their impacts.
Studies that examined the impact of broader workforce programs, such as the Workforce Investment Act Dislocated Worker program, did not focus on older workers.
Firms that allow flexible work schedules appear to have lower rates of early retirement among older workers.
Changes to the Social Security retirement benefits have important impacts on older workers’ decision making.
Changes in health insurance policies have mixed or small impacts on older workers’ employment outcomes.
- Singh, L. (2019). The impact of veteran support programs on stress, satisfaction, and retention for veteran employees [Doctoral dissertation, Capella University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing (2246429311).
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Lewis, G. B. (2013). The impact of veterans’ preference on the composition and quality of the federal civil service. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 23(2), 247-265.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Mixed impactsEmployment
Heaton, P. (2012). The effects of hiring tax credits on employment of disabled veterans. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. Occasional Paper. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occassional papers/2012/RAND_OP 366.pdf.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Boyle, M. A. & Lahey, J. N. (2016). Spousal labor market effects from government health insurance: Evidence from a veterans affairs expansion. Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, 45(C), 63-76.
Topic Area: Older Workers, Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
Greenberg, G. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2007). Compensation of veterans with psychiatric or substance abuse disorders and employment and earnings. Military Medicine, 172(2), 162-168.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Unfavorable impactsEmployment
Coile, C., Duggan, M., & Guo, A. (2015). Veterans’ labor force participation: What role does the VA’s disability compensation program play? American Economic Review, 105(5), 131-136.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
Cunningham, M. K., Biess, J., Emam, D., & Burt., M. R. (2015). Veterans Homelessness Prevention Demonstration evaluation: Final report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Low-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Low-Mixed impactsPublic benefit receipt
Moses-Stanton, S. (2018). An analysis of the Veterans Employment Initiative. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. Accession No. 10745075.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-No impactsEmployment