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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Opportunities for Youth
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Findings:
Successful programs often involved a substantial time commitment from participating youth.
Many successful programs involved a job placement component or job search assistance.
Positive impacts tended to be realized in the short term and fade over time.
More information is needed on the replicability of some programs.
Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
Courtney, M., Zinn, A., Johnson, H., and Malm, K. (2011). Evaluation of the Massachusetts Adolescent Outreach Program for Youths in Intensive Foster Care: Final Report. OPRE Report #2011-14. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
Gelber, A., Isen, A., & Kessler, J. B. (2016). The effects of youth employment: Evidence from New York City lotteries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(1), 423-460.
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Mixed impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Valentine, E.J., Skemer, M., & Courtney, M.E. (2015). Becoming adults: One year impact findings from the youth villages’ Transitional Living evaluation. New York: MDRC.
Topic Area: Justice-Involved Youth, Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Low-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Geckeler, C., Betesh, H., Diaz, H., Folsom, L., Kim, H., & Paprocki, A. (2017). Helping dropout youth find education and employment: Final impact report for the evaluation of the Los Angeles Reconnections Career Academy (LARCA) program. Oakland, CA: Social Policy Research Associates.
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Unfavorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Unfavorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-Unfavorable impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Gardiner, K., & Juras, R. (2019). PACE Cross-Program Implementation and Impact Study Findings (Report No. 2019-32). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [Year Up]
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults, Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
Fraker, T., Mamun, A., Manno, M., Martinez, J., Reed, D., Thompkins, A., & Wittenburg, D. (2012). The Social Security Administration’s Youth Transition Demonstration Projects: Interim report on West Virginia Youth Works. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Miller, C., Millenky, M., Schwartz, L., Goble, L., & Stein, J. (2016). Building a future: Interim impact findings from the YouthBuild evaluation. New York, NY: MDRC.
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults, Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Miller, C., Cummings, D., Millenky, M., Wiegand, A., & Long, D. (2018). Laying a Foundation: Four-Year Results from the National YouthBuild Evaluation. New York, NY: MDRC.
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults, Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Mixed impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment