Employer benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts

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Health Profession Opportunity Grants (HPOG 1.0) impact study: Three-year impacts report (Peck et al. 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of Health Profession Opportunity Grants (HPOG) on employment, education, earnings, and public benefit receipt three years after participants were…
The effect of the social security earnings test on male labor supply: New evidence from survey and administrative data (Haider & Loughran, 2008)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective is to examine the impact of 1983 and 2000 policy changes that removed the Social Security earnings test for certain age groups on the earnings and employment outcomes of…
Examining the association of changes in minimum wage with health across race/ethnicity and gender in the United States (Narain & Zimmerman, 2019)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study's objective was to examine the impact of the impact of minimum wage policies on healthcare, health behavior, and reported health among low-skill workers. The authors used a…
Small cues change savings choices (Choi et al. 2012)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to gauge the effect of savings cues on 401(k) contribution rates by exposing randomly selected groups of employees to different hypothetical savings rates or amounts. The…
Boon or bane?: 401(k) loans and loan provisions (Wenger & Weller 2011)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the impact of having a borrowing option in a defined contribution (DC) pension plan on contribution rates and total debt. The authors used data from the United…
Simplification and Saving (Beshears et al. 2010)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s key objective was to examine the impact of Quick Enrollment, an option enabling individuals to more quickly and easily enroll in a retirement savings plan, on plan enrollment rates and…
Reducing the Complexity Costs of 401(k) Participation through Quick Enrollment (Laibson et al. 2009)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to examine the effect of a simplified 401(k) enrollment procedure called Quick Enrollment on plan participation through three trials at two anonymous companies (two trials…
New Ways to Make People Save: A Social Marketing Approach (Lusardi et al. 2009)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to assess the effect of a retirement planning aid on encouraging new hires at a large institution to enroll in a supplemental retirement account (SRA). The authors…
Optimal defaults and active decisions (Carroll et al. 2009)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study examined the impact of requiring employees to actively decide whether to enroll in a 401(k) plan, called active-decision enrollment, on newly hired employees’ 401(k) enrollment decisions…
Effects of public policies on the disposition of pre-retirement lump-sum distributions: Rational and behavioral influences (Burman et al. 2008)
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence
The study’s objective was to determine whether tax policies that differently frame the rollover of lump-sum distributions (LSDs) from defined-contribution retirement plans into tax-preferred funds…

CLEAR Icon Key

Below is a key for icons used to indicate important details about a study, such as its type, evidence rating, and outcome findings.

High Causal Evidence

Strong evidence the effects are caused by the examined intervention.
Moderate Causal Evidence

Evidence that the effects are caused to some degree by the examined intervention.
Low Causal Evidence

Little evidence that the effects are caused by the examined intervention.
Causal Impact Analysis

Uses quantitative methods to assess the effectiveness of a program, policy, or intervention.
Descriptive Analysis

Describes a program, policy, or intervention using qualitative or quantitative methods.
Implementation Analysis

Examines the implementation of a program, policy, or intervention.
Favorable

The study found at least one favorable impact in the outcome domain, and no unfavorable impacts.
Mixed

The study found some favorable and some unfavorable impacts in the outcome domain.
None

The study found no statistically significant impacts in the outcome domain.
Unfavorable

The study found at least one unfavorable impact in the outcome domain, and no favorable impacts.
Not applicable

Not applicable because no outcomes were examined in the outcome domain.
Favorable - low evidence

The study found at least one favorable impact in the outcome domain, and no unfavorable impacts. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Mixed - low evidence

The study found some favorable and some unfavorable impacts in the outcome domain. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.
None - low evidence

The study found no statistically significant impacts in the outcome domain. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.
Unfavorable - low evidence

The study found at least one unfavorable impact in the outcome domain, and no favorable impacts. The study received a low causal evidence ratings so these findings should be interpreted with caution.