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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
Nunez, E., Gibson, G., Jones, J. A., & Schinka, J. A. (2013). Evaluating the impact of dental care on housing intervention program outcomes among homeless veterans. American Journal of Public Health, 103(S2), S368-S373.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
Ottomanelli, L., Goetz, L. L., Suris, A., McGeough, C., Sinnott, P. L., Toscano, R., … Thomas, F. P. (2012). Effectiveness of supported employment for veterans with spinal cord injuries: Results from a randomized multisite study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(5), 740-747.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Boyle, M. A. & Lahey, J. N. (2016). Spousal labor market effects from government health insurance: Evidence from a veterans affairs expansion. Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, 45(C), 63-76.
Topic Area: Older Workers, Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
Cunningham, M. K., Biess, J., Emam, D., & Burt., M. R. (2015). Veterans Homelessness Prevention Demonstration evaluation: Final report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Low-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Low-Mixed impactsPublic benefit receipt
Rosen, M. I., Ablondi, K., Black, A. C., Mueller, L., Serowik, K. L., Martino, S., . . . Rosenheck, R. A. (2014). Work outcomes after benefits counseling among veterans applying for service connection for a psychiatric condition. Psychiatric Services, 65(12), 1426-1432.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Ottomanelli, L., Goetz, L. L., Suris, A., McGeough, C., Sinnott, P. L., Toscano, R., … Thomas, F. P. (2012). Effectiveness of supported employment for veterans with spinal cord injuries: Results from a randomized multisite study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 93(5), 740-747. [CONTRAST 1: Non-experimental study]
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Singh, L. (2019). The impact of veteran support programs on stress, satisfaction, and retention for veteran employees [Doctoral dissertation, Capella University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing (2246429311).
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Greenberg, G. A., & Rosenheck, R. A. (2007). Compensation of veterans with psychiatric or substance abuse disorders and employment and earnings. Military Medicine, 172(2), 162-168.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Unfavorable impactsEmployment
Moses-Stanton, S. (2018). An analysis of the Veterans Employment Initiative. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. Accession No. 10745075.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-No impactsEmployment