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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Opportunities for Youth
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Findings:
Successful programs often involved a substantial time commitment from participating youth.
Many successful programs involved a job placement component or job search assistance.
Positive impacts tended to be realized in the short term and fade over time.
More information is needed on the replicability of some programs.
Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Findings:
Research provides strong evidence that NGYCP improves the educational outcomes of at-risk youth.
There is also strong evidence that NGYCP improves the labor market outcomes of at-risk youth.
A cost-benefit analysis found NGYCP produced large positive benefits.
NGYCP is a multi-component intervention, with little evidence on the effectiveness of specific components.
A pilot study connecting youth with emotional or behavioral difficulties to summer work experiences.
Carter, E.W., Trainor, A.A., Ditchman, N., & Owens, L. (2011). A pilot study connecting youth with emotional or behavioral difficulties to summer work experiences. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 34(2), 95-106. doi:10.1177/0885728810395745
Topic Area: Job Search Assistance, Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
Schochet, P., Burghardt, J., & Glazerman, S. (2001). National Job Corps Study: The impacts of Job Corps on participants’ employment and related outcomes. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Training-Mod/high-Favorable impactsTraining
- Akinola, O. A., & Doabler, C. T. (2022). Determinants of employment outcomes of transition-age youth with depressive disorders. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 56(1), 55-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JVR-211172
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Mixed impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Bruno, L., & Pistorino, C. (2007). Youth Opportunity grant initiative: process evaluation final report. Washington, DC: Decision Information Resources, Inc.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Implementation Analysis
Schochet, P., Burghardt, J., & McConnell, S. (2006). National Job Corps study and longer-term follow-up study: Impact and benefit-cost findings using survey and summary earnings records data. Washington, DC: Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
Jackson, R., Dixon, R., McCoy, A., Pistorino, C., Zador, P., Thomas, C., … Bruno, L. (2007). Youth Opportunity Grant Initiative: Impact and synthesis report. Houston, TX: Decision Information Resources, Inc.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Education and skills gains-Low-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
Schochet, P., McConnell, S., & Burghardt, J. (2003). National Job Corps Study: Findings using administrative earnings records data. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
Topic Area: Opportunities for Youth
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Training-Mod/high-No impactsTraining