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Synthesis Report: Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Synthesis
Topic Area: Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment
Findings:
Evidence indicates that business education plus additional services boost short-term employment, but reduces short term earnings, with impacts on long-term earnings fading over time.
Interventions designed to improve the development of business ideas and increase business development activities have limited evidence on their effectiveness.
Few studies examined outcomes related to formal education and workforce training or public benefit receipt, and those that did found no evidence of impacts.
Studies provide suggestive evidence that education-only interventions improve attitudes toward entrepreneurship.
- Schaberg, K., Quiroz-Becerra, V., Castro-Cosio, T., Nuñez, S., Hendra, R., (2019). Microfinance in the United States: Early impacts for the Grameen America Program. New York: MDRC.
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Implementation Analysis
- Jardim, E., Long, M. C., Plotnick, R., van Inwegen, E., Vigdor, J., & Wething, H. (2022). Minimum-wage increases and low-wage employment: Evidence from Seattle. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 14(2): 263–314. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180578
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
- Alamprese, J. A., Parsad, A., Shea, M., Cheng, I., & Hamadyk, J. (2021). Evaluation of Bridges to Career Opportunities: Final report. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates.
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Implementation Analysis
- Fein, D., Dastrup, S., & Burnett, K. (2021). Still bridging the opportunity divide for low-income youth: Year Up’s longer-term impacts (Report No. 2021-56). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Topic Area: Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Quiroz Becerra, M.V., Schaberg, K., Holman, D., & Hendra, R. (2020). Putting microfinance to the test: 18-month impacts of the Grameen America Program. New York: MDRC.
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Mixed impactsEmployment
Hendra, R., Greenberg, D. H., Hamilton, G., Oppenheim, A. Pennington, A. Schaberg, K., and Tessler, B. L. (2016). Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy. New York: MDRC. [Towards Employment]
Topic Area: Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Schaberg, K., & Greenberg, D.H. (2020). Long-term effects of a sectoral advancement strategy: Costs, benefits, and impacts from the WorkAdvance demonstration. New York: MDRC. [Per Scholas]
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Schaberg, K., & Greenberg, D.H. (2020). Long-term effects of a sectoral advancement strategy: Costs, benefits, and impacts from the WorkAdvance demonstration. New York: MDRC. [St. Nicks Alliance]
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Schaberg, K., & Greenberg, D.H. (2020). Long-term effects of a sectoral advancement strategy: Costs, benefits, and impacts from the WorkAdvance demonstration. New York: MDRC. [All sites]
Topic Area: Low-Income Adults
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment