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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
- Akinola, O. A., & Doabler, C. T. (2022). Determinants of employment outcomes of transition-age youth with depressive disorders. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 56(1), 55-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JVR-211172
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Mixed impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Patnaik, A., Dale, S., Farid, M., Harrati, A., Hill, A., Honeycutt, T., Katz, K., Livermore, G., Musse, I., Potamites, L., & Sevak, P. (2022). Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and Family Outcomes Five Years After Enrollment. Washington, DC: Mathematica. [ASPIRE]
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Patnaik, A., Dale, S., Farid, M., Harrati, A., Hill, A., Honeycutt, T., Katz, K., Livermore, G., Musse, I., Potamites, L., & Sevak, P. (2022). Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and Family Outcomes Five Years After Enrollment. Washington, DC: Mathematica. [WI PROMISE]
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Patnaik, A., Dale, S., Farid, M., Harrati, A., Hill, A., Honeycutt, T., Katz, K., Livermore, G., Musse, I., Potamites, L., & Sevak, P. (2022). Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and Family Outcomes Five Years After Enrollment. Washington, DC: Mathematica. [MD PROMISE]
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Patnaik, A., Dale, S., Farid, M., Harrati, A., Hill, A., Honeycutt, T., Katz, K., Livermore, G., Musse, I., Potamites, L., & Sevak, P. (2022). Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and family outcomes five years after enrollment. Washington, DC: Mathematica. [CaPROMISE]
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Patnaik, A., Dale, S., Farid, M., Harrati, A., Hill, A., Honeycutt, T., Katz, K., Livermore, G., Musse, I., Potamites, L., & Sevak, P. (2022). Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and family outcomes five years after enrollment. Washington, DC: Mathematica. [Arkansas PROMISE]
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Patnaik, A., Dale, S., Farid, M., Harrati, A., Hill, A., Honeycutt, T., Katz, K., Livermore, G., Musse, I., Potamites, L., & Sevak, P. (2022). Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE): Youth and family outcomes five years after enrollment. Washington, DC: Mathematica. [NYS PROMISE]
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-No impactsPublic benefit receipt
- Wang, Y. C. & Ethridge, G. (2022). Identifying factors that promote successful vocational rehabilitation case closure: Comparison of individual characteristics, VR experiences and state economic conditions. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 56, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-221178
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Smith, M. J., Sherwood, K., Ross, B., Oulvey, E. A., Monahan, J. A., Sipovic, J. E., Atkins, M. S., Danielson, E. C., Jordan, N., & Smith, J. D. (2022). Scaling out virtual interview training for transition-age youth: A quasi-experimental hybrid effectiveness-implementation study. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 45(4), 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1177/21651434221081273
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment