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Synthesis Report: Research Synthesis: Employment Programs and Demonstrations for SSI and SSDI Beneficiaries
Topic Area: Disability Employment Policy
Findings:
Evidence echoes previous literature reviews on the challenges of generating substantive impacts, though customized supports to well-targeted populations show some potential.
The most effective interventions provided intensive, customized supports and services focused on job training, placement, and retention to narrowly defined target populations.
Interventions that provided support services or incentives to help beneficiaries keep more of their benefits when working had small or no impacts on employment, even if spending on services was high.
There is no evidence of SSI or SSDI caseload reductions, even among interventions that improved employment and/or earnings.
Little is known about interventions for improving earnings of people with TBI and PTSD.
Recruiting beneficiaries to participate in demonstrations was difficult, which limited the generalizability of study findings.
Fidelity to the demonstration model is important.
Work incentives and supports can be difficult to implement in the context of SSA’s existing work incentives, creating potential confusion for beneficiaries and program staff.
A strong technical assistance component, with incentives for service providers to accept the assistance, is important to successful implementation.
Demonstrations should be pilot tested before being implemented on a national scale.
Boyle, M. A. & Lahey, J. N. (2016). Spousal labor market effects from government health insurance: Evidence from a veterans affairs expansion. Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, 45(C), 63-76.
Topic Area: Older Workers, Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-No impactsEmployment
Angrist, J. D. (1993). The effect of veterans benefits on education and earnings. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46(4), 637-652.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Low-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
Cunningham, M. K., Biess, J., Emam, D., & Burt., M. R. (2015). Veterans Homelessness Prevention Demonstration evaluation: Final report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Low-No impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
- Public benefits receipt-Low-Mixed impactsPublic benefit receipt
Rosen, M. I., Ablondi, K., Black, A. C., Mueller, L., Serowik, K. L., Martino, S., . . . Rosenheck, R. A. (2014). Work outcomes after benefits counseling among veterans applying for service connection for a psychiatric condition. Psychiatric Services, 65(12), 1426-1432.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Li, X. (2018). Improving the labor market outcomes of U.S. veterans: The long-run effect of the Transition Assistance Program. New York: Syracuse University.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Education and skills gains-Low-Favorable impactsEducation and skills gains
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
Heaton, P. (2012). The effects of hiring tax credits on employment of disabled veterans. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. Occasional Paper. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/occassional papers/2012/RAND_OP 366.pdf.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment
Siegal, H. A., Fisher, J. H., Rapp, R. C., & Kelliher, C. W. (1996). Enhancing substance abuse treatment with case management: Its impact on employment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 13(2), 93-98.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
Penk, W., Drebing, C.E., Rosenheck, R.A., Krebs, C., Van Ormer, A., & Mueller, L. (2010). Veterans Health Administration transitional work experience vs. job placement in veterans with co-morbid substance use and non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 33(4), 297-307.
Topic Area: Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Low-Favorable impactsEmployment
LePage, J. P., Lewis, A. A., Crawford, A. M., Parish, J. A., Ottomanelli, L., Washington, E. L., & Cipher, D. J. (2016). Incorporating individualized placement and support principles into vocational rehabilitation for formerly incarcerated veterans. Psychiatric Services, 67(7), 735-742.
Topic Area: Reentry, Veterans
Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis
Outcome Effectiveness:- Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEarnings and wages
- Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impactsEmployment