Title,Citation,Topic_area,Study_type,Study_evidence_rating,Outcome_effectiveness,Findings,Intervention_program,Topics,Target_population,Firm_characteristics,Geographic_setting,Original_publication_date,Original_publication_link,"Review Protocol" "Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy","Hendra, R., Greenberg, D. H., Hamilton, G., Oppenheim, A. Pennington, A. Schaberg, K., and Tessler, B. L. (2016). Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy. New York: MDRC. [Towards Employment]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the WorkAdvance sectoral training program at the Towards Employment site on employment, earnings, education, and training from 2011 to 2015. The authors investigated similar research questions with three other sites, the profiles of which are available here. The study used a randomized controlled trial design to compare the treatment group, which was able to access the WorkAdvance program at the Towards Employment site, and the control group, which was not eligible for WorkAdvance services but could access other services in the community. The authors collected data from two sources: a follow-up survey and unemployment insurance (UI) wage and employment data. Using survey data, the authors found that those in the treatment group were significantly more likely to complete education or training compared with those in the control group. The authors found no statistically significant impacts of the program on employment or earnings from either the UI data or survey data. The quality of the causal evidence is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WorkAdvance program at the Towards Employment site and not to other factors.","the WorkAdvance sectoral training program","Work based and other occupational training","Low income",,"Urban, United States",2020,https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED568395.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Testing rapid connections to subsidized private sector jobs for low-income individuals in San Francisco: Implementation and early impacts of the STEP Forward program","Walter, J., Navarro, D., Anderson, C., & Tso, A. (2017). Testing rapid connections to subsidized private sector jobs for low-income individuals in San Francisco: Implementation and early impacts of the STEP Forward program. OPRE Report 2017-103. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of STEP Forward on employment, earnings, and education outcomes. The authors used a randomized controlled trial to estimate impacts of enrollment in STEP Forward, using administrative data on enrollees and enrollees’ self-reported data. The study found that people enrolled in STEP Forward were more likely to become employed and earned more after random assignment than people in the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in their education outcomes. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to STEP Forward, and not to other factors.","STEP Forward","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services","Other barriers",,"Urban, United States",2017,https://www.acf.hhs.gov/opre/resource/testing-rapid-connections-subsidized-priv…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy","Hendra, R., Greenberg, D. H., Hamilton, G., Oppenheim, A. Pennington, A. Schaberg, K., and Tessler, B. L. (2016). Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy. New York: MDRC. [Madison Strategies Group]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the WorkAdvance sectoral training program at the Madison Strategies Group site on employment, earnings, education, and training from 2011 to 2015. The authors investigated similar research questions with three other sites, the profiles of which are available here. The study used a randomized controlled trial design to compare the treatment group, which was able to access the WorkAdvance program at the Madison Strategies Group site, and the control group, which was not eligible for WorkAdvance services but could access other services in the community. The authors collected data from two sources: a follow-up survey and unemployment insurance (UI) wage and employment data. Using survey data, the authors found that those in the treatment group were significantly more likely to complete education or training compared with those in the control group. The authors found no statistically significant impacts of the program on employment or earnings from either the UI data or survey data. The quality of the causal evidence is high for employment and earnings outcomes based on UI data because those outcomes were based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects for those outcomes are attributable to the WorkAdvance program at the Madison Strategies Group site and not to other factors. For education and training outcomes from the follow-up survey, the quality of the causal evidence is moderate because those outcomes were based on a randomized controlled trial in which many people did not complete the follow-up survey, but the authors did account for existing differences between the treatment and control groups. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects for those outcomes are attributable to the WorkAdvance program at the Madison Strategies Group site, but other factors might also have contributed.","the WorkAdvance sectoral training program","Work based and other occupational training","Low income",,"United States",2016,https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED568395.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy","Hendra, R., Greenberg, D. H., Hamilton, G., Oppenheim, A. Pennington, A. Schaberg, K., and Tessler, B. L. (2016). Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy. New York: MDRC. [St. Nicks Alliance]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the WorkAdvance sectoral training program at the St. Nicks Alliance site on employment, earnings, education, and training from 2011 to 2015. The authors investigated similar research questions with three other sites, the profiles of which are available here. The study used a randomized controlled trial design to compare the treatment group, which was able to access the WorkAdvance program at the St. Nicks Alliance site, and the control group, which was not eligible for WorkAdvance services but could access other services in the community. The authors collected data from two sources: a follow-up survey and unemployment insurance (UI) wage and employment data. Using UI data, the authors found that those assigned to the treatment group were significantly more likely to be ever employed in Quarters 2 to 5 after random assignment than those in the control group. Using survey data, the authors also found that those in the treatment group were significantly more likely to complete education or training than the control group. The quality of the causal evidence is high for employment and earnings outcomes based on UI data because those outcomes were based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects for those outcomes are attributable to the WorkAdvance program at the St. Nicks Alliance site and not to other factors. For education and training outcomes from the follow-up survey, the quality of the causal evidence is moderate because those outcomes were based on a randomized controlled trial in which many people did not complete the follow-up survey, but the authors did account for existing differences between the treatment and control groups. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects for those outcomes are attributable to the WorkAdvance program at the St. Nicks Alliance site, but other factors might also have contributed.","the WorkAdvance sectoral training program","Work based and other occupational training","Low income",,"Urban, United States",2016,https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED568395.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Testing two subsidized employment approaches for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implementation and early impacts of the Los Angeles County Transitional Subsidized Employment Program","Glosser, A., Barden, B., Williams, S., Anderson, C. (2016). Testing two subsidized employment approaches for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implementation and early impacts of the Los Angeles County Transitional Subsidized Employment Program. (OPRE Report 2016-77). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation. [Contrast 3: Paid work experience versus on-the-job training]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of paid work experience, part of Los Angeles’ Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration, on employment, earnings, and public benefit receipt relative to on-the-job training. The authors also investigated related impacts, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used regression methods in a randomized controlled trial study to examine the impacts of participating in paid work experience. The data sources included administrative wage records, subsidized employment payroll records, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefit payment records, and survey data. The study found that paid work experience had positive, statistically significant impacts on employment, earnings, and benefit receipt compared with on-the-job training. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the paid work experience program and not to other factors.","Los Angeles’ Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education","Low income",,"Urban, United States",2016,https://www.mdrc.org/publication/testing-two-subsidized-employment-approaches-r…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Testing two subsidized employment approaches for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implementation and early impacts of the Los Angeles County Transitional Subsidized Employment Program","Glosser, A., Barden, B., Williams, S., & Anderson, C. (2016). Testing two subsidized employment approaches for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implementation and early impacts of the Los Angeles County Transitional Subsidized Employment Program. (OPRE Report 2016-77). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation. [Contrast 1: Paid work experience versus comparison]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-No impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of a paid work experience program, part of Los Angeles’ Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration, on employment, earnings, education, training, and public benefit receipt relative to no subsidized job opportunities. The authors also investigated related impacts, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used regression methods in a randomized controlled trial study to examine the impacts of participating in paid work experience. The data sources included administrative wage records, subsidized employment payroll records, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefit payment records, and survey data. The study found that the paid work experience program had positive, statistically significant impacts on employment, earnings, and benefit receipt compared with the control condition of no subsidized job opportunities. Paid work experience had no impacts on education and training outcomes. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the paid work experience program and not to other factors.","Los Angeles’ Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education","Low income",,"United States",2016,https://www.mdrc.org/publication/testing-two-subsidized-employment-approaches-r…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy","Hendra, R., Greenberg, D. H., Hamilton, G., Oppenheim, A. Pennington, A. Schaberg, K., and Tessler, B. L. (2016). Encouraging evidence on a sector-focused advancement strategy. New York: MDRC. [Per Scholas]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the WorkAdvance sectoral training program at the Per Scholas site on employment, earnings, and education and training from 2011 to 2015. The authors investigated similar research questions with three other sites, the profiles of which are available here. The study used a randomized controlled trial design to compare the treatment group, which was able to access the WorkAdvance program at the Per Scholas site, and the control group, which was not eligible for WorkAdvance services but could access other services in the community. The authors collected data from two sources: a follow-up survey and unemployment insurance (UI) wage and employment data. The study found that the program had a statistically significant impact on quarterly earnings in the second and third years after random assignment (based on UI data) and average weekly earnings in the second year after random assignment (based on survey data). The study also found that the program did not have a significant impact on most employment outcomes. Using survey data, the authors found that members of the WorkAdvance group were significantly more likely to have obtained a degree or credential and to have completed a skills training program two years after random assignment. The quality of the causal evidence is moderate for employment and earnings outcomes based on UI data because those outcomes were based on a randomized controlled trial in which the authors did not demonstrate that they accounted for change in the probability of random assignment, but the authors did account for existing differences between the treatment and control groups. The quality of the causal evidence is moderate for education and training outcomes from the follow-up survey because those outcomes were based on a randomized controlled trial in which many people did not complete the follow-up survey, but the authors did account for existing differences between the treatment and control groups. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WorkAdvance program at the Per Scholas site, but other factors might also have contributed.","the WorkAdvance sectoral training program","Work based and other occupational training","STEM professional, Low income",,"Urban, United States",2016,https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED568395.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Testing two subsidized employment approaches for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implementation and early impacts of the Los Angeles County Transitional Subsidized Employment Program","Glosser, A., Barden, B., Williams, S., & Anderson, C. (2016). Testing two subsidized employment approaches for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Implementation and early impacts of the Los Angeles County Transitional Subsidized Employment Program. (OPRE Report 2016-77). Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation. [Contrast 2: On-the-job training versus comparison]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Unfavorable impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of on-the-job training, part of Los Angeles’ Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration, on employment, earnings, education, training, and public benefit receipt relative to no subsidized job opportunities. The authors also investigated related impacts, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used regression methods in a randomized controlled trial study to examine the impacts of participating in on-the-job training. The data sources included administrative wage records, subsidized employment payroll records, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefit payment records, and survey data. The study found that on-the-job training had positive, statistically significant impacts on employment and earnings compared with the control condition of no subsidized job opportunities. There were mixed impacts on benefit receipt and negative impacts on earning a professional license or certification. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the on-the-job training program and not to other factors.","Los Angeles’ Subsidized and Transitional Employment Demonstration","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education","Low income",,"United States",2016,https://www.mdrc.org/publication/testing-two-subsidized-employment-approaches-r…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "The promise of worker training: New insights into the effects of government funded training programs","McEntaffer, M. J. (2015). The promise of worker training: New insights into the effects of government funded training programs. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/businessdiss/51.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of participation in a Workforce Investment Act (WIA) occupational skills training (OST) or on-the-job training (OJT) program on employment and earnings. In a nonexperimental analysis, the author compared average employment rates and earnings for people who received OST or OJT to those who did not receive either employment service. Employment and earnings data came from payroll tax records. The study found that individuals participating in OST or OJT were more likely to be employed and had higher earnings in the first and third quarters after exiting the program. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA employment training programs; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the WIA Employment Training Programs","Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs",Adult,,"United States",2015,http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=business…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). [Private career school programs]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W.-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Retrieved from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research website: http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029 [Private career school programs]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Unfavorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of private career schools’ programs on the employment rate, earnings, and benefit receipt of adults who completed high school in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and Unemployment Insurance benefits between those who took part in private career school programs with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange Employment Services. The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, participants in private career school programs had lower initial employment but higher long-term employment and earnings. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to private career school programs; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Private Career School Programs","Other training and education",Adult,"Other services, Transportation and warehousing","United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). [VOC]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Retrieved from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research website: http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029. [VOC]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of Vocational Rehabilitation (VOC) programs on the employment rate, earnings, and benefit receipt of adults with disabilities in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and Unemployment Insurance benefits between those who took part in VOC programs relative to those who were eligible, but did not receive services from VOC programs. The study found that, compared with those who did not receive services from VOC programs, VOC program participants had higher employment and earnings. Receipt of benefits was lower in the short-term for VOC program participants relative to those who did not receive VOC program services. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to VOC programs; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Vocational Rehabilitation (VOC) Programs","Unemployment Insurance Vocational rehabilitation",Disability,,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). [WIA Adult]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W.-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Retrieved from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research website: http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029 [WIA Adult]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program on the employment rate, earnings, and benefit receipt of low-income adults in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and Unemployment Insurance benefits between those who took part in the WIA Adult Program with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange Employment Services. The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, participants in the WIA Adult Program had higher employment rates and average quarterly earnings and lower receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Adult Program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program","Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Low-skilled, Low income",,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). [WIA Dislocated Workers]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Retrieved from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research website: http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029%20[WIA Dislocated Workers]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program on the employment rate, earnings, and benefit receipt of dislocated workers in Washington State. The authors assigned dislocated workers to the treatment group if they received employment-related services through the WIA Dislocated Worker Program and exited from July 2005 to June 2006 or from July 2007 to June 2008. The comparison group comprised workers who registered for services at the Labor Exchange during this period. The study found that in both the short and long term the employment rate and average quarterly earnings increased for those in the treatment group compared to those in the comparison group. Benefit receipt decreased for those in the treatment group compared with those in the comparison group. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the treatment and comparison group were compared at different follow-up points and therefore were not equivalent. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Dislocated Worker Program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program","Job search assistance and supportive services Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. 13-029. [Adult basic education programs on community and technical college campuses]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. 13-029. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029 [Adult basic education programs on community and technical college campuses]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Mixed impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of community and technical college campus Adult Basic Education (ABE) programs on the employment rate, earnings, and benefit receipt of adults in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and unemployment insurance benefits between those who took part in the ABE program with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange (Employment Services). The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, the employment rate for ABE participants decreased and average quarterly earnings increased, in both the short and long terms. Compared with the Labor Exchange group, ABE participants received fewer benefits in the short and long terms. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the ABE program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Adult Basic Education (ABE) Program","Other training and education",Adult,,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Influential leadership in a diverse retail environment: implications for reducing voluntary employee turnover","Jackson, S. (2014). Influential leadership in a diverse retail environment: implications for reducing voluntary employee turnover. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. Accession No. 1640901590.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of a retail store management intervention on voluntary employee turnover. The author used a nonexperimental design to compare the rate of voluntary turnover of employees in stores whose management received the intervention with the rate of stores in the same retail chain whose management did not. The author estimated impacts using store administrative data on employee turnovers as well as an employee opinion survey. The study found that treatment group stores experienced a decrease in voluntary employee turnover and that the comparison group stores did not. The author did not test this outcome statistically. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the retail store management intervention; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the retail store management intervention","Other training and education",Employed,,"United States",2014,https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https%3A//scholar…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "High-involvement work practices and the opportunities for promotion in the organization","Bonet, R. (2014). High-involvement work practices and the opportunities for promotion in the organization. Industrial Relations, 53(2), 295-324. doi:10.1111/irel.12057","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Employment-Mod/high-Mixed impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of employees’ participation in high-involvement work practices (HIWP) on their expected promotions. The author used regression methods in a nonexperimental analysis to estimate impacts of participating in HIWP, drawing on self-reported data from a survey of for-profit company employees. The study found that employee participation in more HIWP was associated with a greater likelihood of expected promotions. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects are attributable to participation in HIWP, but other factors might also have contributed.","High-Involvement Work Practices (HIWP)","Work based and other occupational training","Adult, Employed",,"United States",2014,https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12057,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). [WIA Youth]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. Retrieved from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research website: http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029. [WIA Youth]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Youth Program, held on community and technical college campuses, on the employment rate and earnings of low-income youth in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment and earnings between those who took part in the WIA Youth program relative to those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange (Employment Services). The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, WIA Youth participants had higher employment and earnings. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Youth Program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Youth Program","Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Youth programs Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Youth, Low-skilled, Low income",,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). [Community and Technical College Worker Retraining Program]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Retrieved from W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research website: http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/tr13-029%20 [Community and Technical College Worker Retraining Program]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-No impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Community and Technical College (CTC) Worker Retraining (WR) program on employment, earnings, and benefit receipt of long-term unemployed and dislocated workers who are eligible for or have exhausted their unemployment benefits in Washington State. The authors assigned workers to the treatment group if they received training through the CTC WR program and exited from July 2005 to June 2006 or from July 2007 to June 2008. The comparison group comprised workers who registered at the Labor Exchange. The study found that both short- and long-term employment and earnings increased for those who participated in the WR program compared to those in the Labor Exchange. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the CTC WR program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","Community and Technical College Worker Retraining (CTC WR) Program","Other training and education","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029).","Hollenbeck, K. & Huang, W-J. (2014). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington state. (Upjohn Institute Technical Report No. 13-029). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Unfavorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of apprenticeship programs on employment rates, earnings, and benefit receipt. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9–12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and unemployment insurance benefits between those who took part in the apprenticeship programs and those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange (Employment Services). The study found that, compared to those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, participants in the apprenticeship programs had higher employment rates, hours worked, earnings, and receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the apprenticeship programs; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","Apprenticeship Programs","Labor Exchange Registered apprenticeship Work based and other occupational training",Adult,,"United States",2014,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females","Dougherty, T. W., Dreher, G. F., Arunachalam, V., & Wilbanks, J. E. (2013). Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 514-527. [Study 2, Contrast 2: non-senior mentor versus no mentor]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the role of informal mentoring on annual compensation, as well as the moderating effects of mentor status. The authors investigated similar research questions in other studies, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used statistical methods to analyze self-reported data on earnings, mentoring relationships, and employee characteristics collected through questionnaires administered to the software engineering department of a major aerospace manufacturing firm. The study found no statistically significant differences between the earnings of employees with non-senior mentors and those with no mentors. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that any estimated effects would be attributable to informal mentoring; however, the study did not find any statistically significant effects.",Mentoring,"Other wages and benefits Mentoring","Adult, Employed",,"United States",2013,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.08.001,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females","Dougherty, T. W., Dreher, G. F., Arunachalam, V., & Wilbanks, J. E. (2013). Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 514-527. [Study 1, Contrast 1: senior male mentor versus no mentor]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the role of informal mentoring on annual compensation, as well as the moderating effects of mentor status and gender. The authors investigated similar research questions in other studies, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used statistical methods to analyze self-reported data on earnings, mentoring relationships, and employee characteristics collected through questionnaires administered to graduates of business programs at two large state universities. The study found that employees with senior mentors who were male earned more compensation than those with no mentors. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to informal mentoring; other factors are likely to have contributed.",Mentoring,"Other wages and benefits Mentoring","Adult, Employed",,"United States",2013,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.08.001,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "A comparison of student outcomes and overall retention between a 10-week accelerated and a 15-week traditional curriculum in a postsecondary apprenticeship training program","Adams, G. (2013). A comparison of student outcomes and overall retention between a 10-week accelerated and a 15-week traditional curriculum in a postsecondary apprenticeship training program (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (Accession No. 3575536).","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Training-Low-Favorable impacts Training","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of compressed delivery of a World Class Shipbuilding apprenticeship program on program retention. The Apprentice School of Newport News Shipbuilding compressed its delivery of program instructional hours from 75 weeks (five 15-week terms) to 40 weeks (four 10-week terms) in January 2009. The author compared administrative data on program completion for all apprentices who enrolled at the school from January 2004 to December 2008 (the comparison group) with those who enrolled from January 2009 to June 2012 (the treatment group). The study found that students who enrolled in the 40-week program were 17 percentage points more likely to be retained in the program than students who enrolled in the 75-week program, a statistically significant finding. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the treatment and comparison groups were not equivalent before the intervention, and the author did not adjust for these differences during analysis. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the compression of the apprenticeship program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the Apprentice School of Newport News Shipbuilding","Registered apprenticeship Work based and other occupational training",Adult,Manufacturing,"United States",2013,,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Does federally-funded job training work? Nonexperimental estimates of WIA training impacts using longitudinal data on workers and firms","Andersson, F., Holzer, H. J., Lane, J. I., Rosenblum, D., & Smith, J. (2013). Does federally-funded job training work? Nonexperimental estimates of WIA training impacts using longitudinal data on workers and firms (Discussion paper no. 7621). Bonn, Germany: IZA. [Dislocated Worker Program ONLY]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Mixed impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-Mixed impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) dislocated worker program’s training services on the employment and earnings of dislocated workers. The authors investigated similar research questions in another study. The other study examined the effects of WIA’s adult program’s training services on the employment and earnings of low-income adults. The authors used a regression model with inverse propensity weights to compare the earnings and employment outcomes of WIA-registered dislocated workers who received training services to the outcomes of those who were registered in WIA, but did not receive training services. The study found that employment was initially significantly lower for the treatment group than for the comparison group in the quarters after WIA registration (Quarters 1 and 2 in State A and Quarters 1–4 in State B), but later became and stayed significantly higher in general in Quarters 6 through 12 in both states. The treatment group earned significantly less than the comparison group in the three years after WIA registration. People in the treatment group earned an average of $5,567 and $5,227 less than those in the comparison group in State A and State B, respectively. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design; this is the highest causal evidence rating possible for a nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the training services received from the WIA dislocated workers program, but other factors might also have contributed.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2013,https://www.nber.org/papers/w19446.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females","Dougherty, T. W., Dreher, G. F., Arunachalam, V., & Wilbanks, J. E. (2013). Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 514-527. [Study 2, Contrast 1: senior mentor versus no mentor]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the role of informal mentoring on annual compensation, as well as the moderating effects of mentor status. The authors investigated similar research questions in other studies, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used statistical methods to analyze self-reported data on earnings, mentoring relationships, and employee characteristics collected through questionnaires administered to the software engineering department of a major aerospace manufacturing firm. The study found no statistically significant differences between the earnings of employees with senior mentors and those with no mentors. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that any estimated effects would be attributable to informal mentoring; however, the study did not find any statistically significant effects.",Mentoring,"Other wages and benefits Mentoring","Adult, Employed",,"United States",2013,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.08.001,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "The impact of career mentoring and psychosocial mentoring on affective organizational commitment, job involvement, and turnover intention","Craig, C. A., Allen, M. W., Reid, M. F., Riemenschneider, C. K., & Armstrong, D. J. (2013). The impact of career mentoring and psychosocial mentoring on affective organizational commitment, job involvement, and turnover intention. Administration & Society, 45(8), 949–973. doi:10.1177/0095399712451885","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-Mixed impacts Employment","Summary: This study examines the relationship between mentoring and employees’ employment outcomes. Specifically, the study examines the relationship between psychosocial mentoring and turnover intention. The authors used a statistical model in a nonexperimental analysis to determine the relationship between mentoring and employment outcomes using data from a convenience sample of information technology (IT) staff in one state agency of a state located in the south-central region of the United States. The study found a statistically significant favorable relationship between one type of mentoring, psychosocial mentoring, and turnover intention. In other words, if a respondent reported participating in psychosocial mentoring, they tended to be less likely to intend to leave the job. There was no statistically significant relationship between the other type of mentoring in the study, career mentoring, and turnover intention. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated relationships are attributable to psychosocial mentoring; other factors are likely to have contributed.",,Mentoring,"STEM professional","Professional, scientific, and technical services","United States",2013,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0095399712451885,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Does federally-funded job training work? Nonexperimental estimates of WIA training impacts using longitudinal data on workers and firms","Andersson, F., Holzer, H. J., Lane, J. I., Rosenblum, D., & Smith, J. (2013). Does federally-funded job training work? Nonexperimental estimates of WIA training impacts using longitudinal data on workers and firms (Discussion paper no. 7621). Bonn, Germany: IZA. [Adult Program ONLY]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Mixed impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-Mixed impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) adult program’s training services on the employment and earnings of low-income adults. The authors investigated similar research questions in another study, whose profile can be found [here]. The other study examined the effects of WIA’s dislocated worker program’s training services on the employment and earnings of dislocated workers. The authors used statistical analysis to compare the earnings and employment outcomes of WIA-registered low-income adults who received training services to the outcomes of those who were registered in WIA, but did not receive training services. The study found that employment was significantly lower for the treatment group than it was for the comparison group in the first quarters after WIA registration (Quarters 1 and 2 in State A and Quarters 1–4 in State B), but later became and generally stayed significantly higher in Quarters 6 through 12 in both states. Total earnings in the third year after WIA registration were significantly higher for the treatment group than the comparison group. People in the treatment group earned $1,257 and $1,703 more than those in the comparison group in State A and State B, respectively. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design; this is the highest causal evidence rating possible for a nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA adult program training services, but other factors might also have contributed to the effects.","Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Program Training Services","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)","Unemployed, Low income",,"United States",2013,https://www.nber.org/papers/w19446.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females","Dougherty, T. W., Dreher, G. F., Arunachalam, V., & Wilbanks, J. E. (2013). Mentor status, occupational context, and protégé career outcomes: Differential returns for males and females. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 514-527. [Study 1, Contrast 2: other mentor versus no mentor]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the role of informal mentoring on annual compensation, as well as the moderating effects of mentor status and gender. The authors investigated similar research questions in other studies, the profiles of which are available [here]. The authors used statistical methods to analyze self-reported data on earnings, mentoring relationships, and employee characteristics collected through questionnaires administered to graduates of business programs at two large state universities. The study found no statistically significant difference in compensation between study participants with non-senior mentors and those with no mentors. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that any estimated effects would be attributable to informal mentoring; however, the study did not find any statistically significant effects.",Mentoring,"Other wages and benefits Mentoring","Adult, Employed",,"United States",2013,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.08.001,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Does trade adjustment assistance make a difference?","Reynolds, K. M., & Palatucci, J. S. (2012). Does trade adjustment assistance make a difference? Contemporary Economic Policy, 30(1), 43-59. [TAA with training versus TAA without training]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) on the employment and earnings of participants displaced from jobs in the manufacturing sector who did and did not receive training services through TAA. The authors investigated similar research questions in another study examining the impact of TAA services relative to no TAA services, the profile of which is available [here]. The study uses a nonexperimental design to compare the outcomes of TAA participants who received job training and other program services with outcomes of a comparison group of participants who obtained a training waiver but received other forms of program assistance. Data for program participants were based on U.S. Department of Labor Trade Act Participant reports. The study found statistically significant relationships between receiving job training through the TAA program and employment and earnings when compared with participants who obtained a training waiver but received other forms of program assistance. The quality of causal evidence provided in this study is low because the study uses a nonexperimental design, and the authors did not demonstrate that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to TAA; other factors are likely to have contributed.","Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA)-Funded Training","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2012,http://faculty.smu.edu/Millimet/classes/eco7377/papers/reynolds%20palatucci%202…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "An effectiveness assessment and cost-benefit analysis of Registered Apprenticeship in 10 states","Reed, D., Liu, A., Kleinman, R., Mastri, A., Reed, D., Sattar, S., & Ziegler, J. (2012). An effectiveness assessment and cost-benefit analysis of Registered Apprenticeship in 10 states. Oakland, CA: Mathematica Policy Research.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Registered Apprenticeship (RA) program on employment and earnings. The authors compared outcomes for participants in the RA program with people eligible for the program who did not participate in it. They used Unemployment Insurance wage record data to estimate regression models, controlling for demographic characteristics and pre-intervention measures of earnings and employment. The study found that employment rates were 8.6 percentage points higher among RA participants than those completing none of the program both six and nine years after program enrollment. Average annual earnings were $6,595 higher among RA participants than those completing none of the program in the sixth year after enrollment and $5,839 higher in the ninth year after enrollment. These differences were all statistically significant. The quality of the causal evidence presented in this report is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects were attributable to the RA program, but other factors might also have contributed.","Registered Apprenticeship (RA)","Registered apprenticeship Work based and other occupational training",Adult,,"United States",2012,https://wdr.doleta.gov/research/FullText_Documents/ETAOP_2012_10.pdf,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Does occupational training by the trade adjustment assistance program really help reemployment? Success measured as occupation matching.","Park, J. (2012). Does occupational training by the trade adjustment assistance program really help reemployment? Success measured as occupation matching. Review of International Economics, 20(5), 999-1016.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-Mixed impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of training funded by Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) on dislocated workers’ employment. The author used a nonexperimental approach to compare the reemployment rate among TAA beneficiaries who completed a TAA-funded training program with that of those who did not complete training, and compared the reemployment rate among those who participated in each type of TAA-funded training with that of those who did not participate in any training, after adjusting for workers’ characteristics. The study found that, among TAA beneficiaries, completion of a training program was associated with higher reemployment rates. The study also found that participation in TAA-funded customized training was associated with lower reemployment rates, while participation in occupational training or in on-the-job training was associated with higher reemployment rates compared with not participating in training. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the program. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to TAA-funded training; other factors are likely to have contributed.","Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA)-Funded Training","Community college education and other classroom training Work based and other occupational training","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2012,,"Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance Review Protocol" "Does trade adjustment assistance make a difference?","Reynolds, K. M., & Palatucci, J. S. (2012). Does trade adjustment assistance make a difference? Contemporary Economic Policy, 30(1), 43-59. [TAA versus no TAA]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) on the employment and earnings of displaced manufacturing workers. The authors investigated similar research questions in another study, examining the impact of TAA services including training relative to TAA services not including training, the profile of which is available [here]. The study uses a nonexperimental design to compare the outcomes of workers displaced from manufacturing jobs from 2003 to 2005 who received services through TAA with the outcomes of a comparison group of workers displaced during the same period who likely did not receive assistance. The authors collected data on the treatment and comparison groups from different sources. Data for program participants were based on U.S. Department of Labor Trade Act Participant reports. Data for the comparison group were based on the Displaced Worker Survey from the Current Population Survey. The study did not find statistically significant relationships between receiving TAA and the employment or earnings of participants compared with those who did not receive assistance from the program. The quality of causal evidence provided in this study is low because the study uses a nonexperimental design, and the authors did not demonstrate that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to TAA; other factors are likely to have contributed.","Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA)-Funded Training","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Work based and other occupational training","Other barriers",,"United States",2012,http://faculty.smu.edu/Millimet/classes/eco7377/papers/reynolds%20palatucci%202…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "The impact of culinary student extracurricular work experience on graduate persistence in the foodservice industry","Mesch, B. D. (2010). The impact of culinary student extracurricular work experience on graduate persistence in the foodservice industry. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. Accession No. 872556263. [Graduate sample]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Education and skills gains-Low-No impacts Education and skills gains Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study examined the relationship between participation in extracurricular food service employment during culinary arts training and two eligible outcomes: students’ post-graduation employment in food service and the proportion of culinary arts courses students successfully completed. The author investigated similar research questions in another study of current culinary arts students, the profile of which is available [here]. The study used a nonexperimental design to compare the employment and educational outcomes of culinary arts graduates of one school who took part in extracurricular foodservice employment during their degree program with culinary arts graduates from the school who did not. Data for the study came from a survey of program graduates administered by the author and student records maintained by the school. The study found a statistically significant relationship between students’ participation in extracurricular food service employment during culinary school and postgraduation employment in the foodservice industry. The quality of causal evidence presented in this study is low because the author did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to food service work experience; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the voluntary extracurricular employment in food service","Other training and education",Youth,"Accommodation and food services","United States",2010,https://search.proquest.com/openview/2bcb106f1d3cc1b9ccb7ffbe42547a1a/1?pq-orig…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment Impact Study","Maguire, S., Freely, J., Clymer, C., Conway, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment Impact Study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures. [Per Scholas]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence",,"Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Per Scholas sectoral employment program on participants’ earnings and employment. The authors investigated similar research questions with two other programs, the profiles of which are available through the study search. The study was a randomized controlled trial, with the authors using survey data to estimate the effect of Per Scholas by comparing average outcomes among applicants offered access to the program with average outcomes of those not offered access to the program, after adjusting for differences between the groups. This review was conducted in collaboration with the Employment Strategies for Low-Income Adults Evidence Review (ESER). Because ESER did not report findings for studies that received a low causal evidence rating, this CLEAR profile does not report the findings either. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the study was a randomized controlled trial with high attrition, and the authors did not demonstrate that the groups that remained in the study were similar before the intervention began. This means we would not be confident that the estimated effects would be attributable to the Per Scholas sectoral employment program; other factors are likely to have contributed. The study did not, however, find statistically significant effects.","Per Scholas","Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education",Adult,"Professional, scientific, and technical services","United States",2010,https://www.explorevr.org/sites/explorevr.org/files/files/Tuning%20In%20to%20Lo…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "The impact of training on the frequency of internal promotion of employees and managers","West, L. S. (2010). The impact of training on the frequency of internal promotion of employees and managers. (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Texas Digital Library. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30526/m2/1/high_res_d/dissertation.pdf [Manager sample]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the relationship between formal training and promotion for managers. The author investigated similar research questions in another study, the profile of which is available [here]. The other study examined the relationship between formal training and promotion for employees who were not managers. The author used statistical methods in a nonexperimental analysis to estimate impacts of hours of formal training, drawing on archival survey data from the 1996–1997 the National Organizations Survey. The study found no statistically significant relationships between formal training and managers’ promotions. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not account for existing differences of managers in organizations that offered various hours of formal training. This means we would not be confident that the estimated effects would be attributable to formal training; other factors would have been likely to have contributed. The study did not, however, find statistically significant relationships.","the formal training","Other training and education",Employed,,"United States",2010,https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30526/m2/1/high_res_d/disserta…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "The impact of culinary student extracurricular work experience on graduate persistence in the foodservice industry","Mesch, B. D. (2010). The impact of culinary student extracurricular work experience on graduate persistence in the foodservice industry. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest. Accession No. 872556263. [Current student sample]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Education and skills gains-Low-No impacts Education and skills gains","Summary: The study examined the relationship between participation in extracurricular food service employment during culinary arts training and the proportion of culinary arts courses students successfully completed. The author investigated similar research questions in another study of culinary arts graduates, the profile of which is available [here]. The study used a nonexperimental design to compare culinary arts students at one school who took part in extracurricular food service employment during their program with culinary arts students at the school who did not. Data for the study came from a survey of current students administered by the author and student records maintained by the school. The study did not find a statistically significant relationship between a students’ participation in extracurricular food service employment during culinary school and the percentage of culinary arts courses successfully completed. The quality of causal evidence presented in this study is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to food service work experience; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the voluntary extracurricular employment in food service","Other training and education",Youth,"Accommodation and food services","United States",2010,https://search.proquest.com/openview/2bcb106f1d3cc1b9ccb7ffbe42547a1a/1?pq-orig…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Washington State’s Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training Program (I-BEST): New evidence of effectiveness","Zeidenberg, M., Cho, S., & Jenkins, D. (2010). Washington State’s Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training Program (I-BEST): New evidence of effectiveness. New York: Community College Research Center, Columbia University.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-No impacts Earnings and wages Education and skills gains-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Education and skills gains","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impacts of the Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) program on educational attainment and wage outcomes. The authors used statistical methods to compare students in the treatment group with students in the comparison group who had attended basic skills courses other than I-BEST, using data from the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 school years. The study found that I-BEST students were more likely to earn an educational award (that is, a certificate or degree). The authors noted that most awards earned by basic skills students are certificates. The study found no statistically significant differences between I-BEST students and the comparison students on wages earned. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report for educational attainment is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that any estimated effects are attributable to I-BEST, but other factors might also have contributed. For wage outcomes, the quality of casual evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to I-BEST; other factors are likely to have contributed.","Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST)","Community college education and other classroom training",Low-skilled,,"United States",2010,https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/publications/i-best-new-evidence.html,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment impact study","Maguire, S., Freely, J., Clymer, C., Conway, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment impact study. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures. [JVS-Boston]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence",,"Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Jewish Vocational Service (JVS)-Boston sectoral employment program on earnings and employment. The authors investigated similar research questions with two other programs, the profiles of which are available through the study search. The study was based on a randomized controlled trial, with the authors using survey data to estimate the effect of offering eligible JVS-Boston applicants the program by comparing average outcomes among those offered access to the program with the average outcomes of those not offered access to the program, after adjusting for differences between the groups. This review was conducted in collaboration with the Employment Strategies for Low-Income Adults Evidence Review (ESER). Because ESER did not report findings for studies that received a low causal evidence rating, the CLEAR profile does not report the findings either. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because it was based on a randomized controlled trial with high attrition, and the authors did not demonstrate that the groups were similar at or account for differences between the two groups in the analyses. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the JVS-Boston sectoral employment program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","JVS-Boston Sectoral Employment","Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education",Adult,"Finance and insurance","Urban, United States",2010,https://www.explorevr.org/sites/explorevr.org/files/files/Tuning%20In%20to%20Lo…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "The impact of training on the frequency of internal promotion of employees and managers","West, L. S. (2010). The impact of training on the frequency of internal promotion of employees and managers. (Doctoral dissertation). University of North Texas Digital Library. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30526/m2/1/high_res_d/dissertation.pdf [Employee sample]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the relationship between formal training and promotion for employees who were not managers. The author investigated similar research questions in another study, the profile of which is available [here]. The other study examined the relationship between formal training and promotion for managers. The author used statistical methods in a nonexperimental analysis to estimate impacts of hours of formal training, drawing on archival survey data from the 1996–1997 National Organizations Survey. The study found a statistically significant and positive relationship between typical hours of formal training and the frequency of promotions for employees. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not account for existing differences of employees in organizations that offered various hours of formal training. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to formal training; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the formal training","Other training and education",Employed,,"United States",2010,https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30526/m2/1/high_res_d/disserta…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment impact study","Maguire, S., Freely, J., Clymer, C., Conway, M. & Schwartz, D. (2010). Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment impact study. Philadelphia: Public/Private Ventures. [Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership’s (WRTP) sectoral employment program on earnings and employment. The authors investigated similar research questions with two other programs, the profiles of which are available through the study search. The study was based on a randomized controlled trial, with the authors estimating the effect of offering eligible WRTP applicants the program by using survey data to compare average outcomes among those offered access to the program against the average outcomes of those not offered access, after adjusting for differences between the groups. The study found that being offered access to the WRTP’s sectoral employment program increased earnings by $6,255, on average, over the two years after acceptance to the program. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WRTP’s sectoral employment program, and not to other factors.","the WRTP Sectoral Employment Program","Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education","Low income","Construction, Manufacturing, Health care and social assistance","United States",2010,https://www.explorevr.org/sites/explorevr.org/files/files/Tuning%20In%20to%20Lo…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Pennsylvania Certified Peer Specialist Initiative: Training, employment and work satisfaction outcomes.","Salzer, M. S., Katz, J., Kidwell, B., Federici, M., & Ward-Colasante, C. (2009). Pennsylvania Certified Peer Specialist Initiative: Training, employment and work satisfaction outcomes. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 32(4), 301-305.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study examined the relationship between Certified Peer Specialist training and employment for training participants. The authors compared employment rates for participants before and after the training program using training program records and data from a survey administered one year after the training program. The study found that a higher percentage of training participants were employed after the Certified Peer Specialist training than before the training. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not account for trends in outcomes before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the Certified Peer Specialist training; other factors are likely to have contributed.","Certified Peer Specialist training","Substance abuse recovery Other training and education","Other barriers",,"United States",2009,https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.2975/32.4.2009.301.305,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Workforce Investment Act non-experimental net impact evaluation. [Adult sample]","Heinrich, C., Mueser, P., & Troske, K. (2008). Workforce Investment Act non-experimental net impact evaluation. Columbia, MD: IMPAQ International. [Adult sample]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program’s impact on workers’ employment and earnings in 12 states. The authors analyzed administrative data to compare the employment and earnings outcomes of people receiving different tiers of WIA Adult Program services with two different matched comparison groups for 16 quarters after program entry. The study found that WIA Adult Program services had positive impacts on earnings and employment in most quarters examined. Those WIA Adult Program participants who received training earned more and were more likely to be employed than those who received only core and intensive services. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Adult Program services, but other factors might also have contributed. The report also examined the impacts of WIA Dislocated Worker services; that profile is available here.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Other employment and reemployment Wagner-Peyser Act Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Other training and education","Unemployed, Low income",,"United States",2008,https://wdr.doleta.gov/research/FullText_Documents/Workforce%20Investment%20Act…,"Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance Review Protocol" "Evaluation of customized employment in building the capacity of the workforce development system","Elinson, L., Frey, W. D., Li, T., Palan, M. A., & Horne, R. L. (2008). Evaluation of customized employment in building the capacity of the workforce development system. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 28(3), 141-158.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Unfavorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Unfavorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of customized employment services for disabled adults on earnings and employment. Using administrative data, the authors compared employment and earnings outcomes of people who participated in a customized employment intervention with outcomes of people who participated in a Working for Freedom, Opportunity, and Real Choice through Community Employment (WorkForce) intervention. The study found that those in the customized employment intervention were more likely to be employed for at least 12 months and to earn at least $8.15 per hour after participating in the intervention compared with the WorkForce group. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WorkForce intervention; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the customized employment services","Job search assistance and supportive services Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)",Disability,,"United States",2008,https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-vocational-rehabilitation/jvr0…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Improving employment outcomes of individuals with disabilities through short-term postsecondary training","Flannery, K. B., Yovanoff, P., Benz, M. R., & Kato, M. M. (2008). Improving employment outcomes of individuals with disabilities through short-term postsecondary training. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 31(1), 26-36.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of an occupational skills training program on employment and earnings outcomes. The study used statistical methods to compare the outcomes of people who successfully completed the occupational skills training program with the outcomes of a comparison group of people who dropped out of the program during the same period. The authors used data from the Oregon State Employment Division, the Oregon Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Services, and a database housed at the occupational skills training site. The study found that participants who successfully completed the occupational skills training program had a higher employment rate, worked more hours, and had higher earnings than those who dropped out of the program. The quality of causal evidence provided in this study is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention.","the occupational skills training program","Work based and other occupational training",Disability,,"United States",2008,https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0885728807313779,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Workforce Investment Act non-experimental net impact evaluation. [Dislocated worker sample]","Heinrich, C., Mueser, P., & Troske, K. (2008). Workforce Investment Act non-experimental net impact evaluation. Columbia, MD: IMPAQ International. [Dislocated worker sample]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program’s impact on workers’ employment and earnings in 12 states. The authors analyzed administrative data to compare the employment and earnings outcomes of people receiving different tiers of WIA Dislocated Worker Program services with two different matched comparison groups for 16 quarters after program entry. The study found that WIA Dislocated Worker Program services had positive impacts on earnings and employment in most quarters examined. However, those WIA Dislocated Worker Program participants who received core and/or intensive services had significantly better earnings and employment outcomes in the first seven quarters than those who also received training. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is moderate because it was based on a well-implemented nonexperimental design. This means we are somewhat confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Dislocated Worker Program services, but other factors might also have contributed. The report also examined the impacts of WIA Adult Program services; that profile is available here.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program","Other employer services Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Other training and education","Dislocated or displaced worker, Unemployed",,"United States",2008,https://wdr.doleta.gov/research/FullText_Documents/Workforce%20Investment%20Act…,"Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance Review Protocol" "Employee development, commitment, and intention to turnover: A test of “employability” policies in action","Benson, G.S. (2006). Employee development, commitment, and intention to turnover: A test of “employability” policies in action. Human Resource Management Journal, 16(2), 173–192.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the relationship between employees’ intent to leave (that is, employees’ stated intentions to leave the firm in the next year) and their participation in on-the-job training and company-sponsored training classes. The author used a statistical model to examine the association between employees’ participation in on-the-job and company-sponsored training classes and their intention to leave the firm in the next year, using data from an employee survey. The study found that participation in on-the-job training was associated with a reduction in employees’ intent to leave, but there was no significant relationship between participation in company sponsored training and intent to turnover. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not ensure that groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the work-based training; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the on-the-job training","Work based and other occupational training","Employed, STEM professional","Professional, scientific, and technical services","United States",2006,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2006.00011.x,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). [WIA Adult]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [WIA Adult]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Unfavorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program on the employment rate, earnings, and public benefit receipt of low-income adults in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental design to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefit receipt between those who took part in the WIA Adult Program and those who registered for employment services at the state Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, participants in the WIA Adult Program had higher employment, earnings, and public benefit receipt. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors compared the treatment and comparison groups at different follow-up points and the groups were therefore not equivalent. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Adult Program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Labor Exchange Other employment and reemployment Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Other training and education","Unemployed, Low income",,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training, Job Search Assistance Review Protocol" "Workforce investment act services: Effect on dislocated worker reemployment (Doctoral Disertation)","Walker, M. A. (2006). Workforce investment act services: Effect on dislocated worker reemployment (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Accession No. UMI 3244857. [Study 1: Contrast: WIA employment services vs. no service]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Unfavorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the effects of employment services offered through the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) on employment and earnings outcomes. The author investigated similar research questions in another study, whose profile can be found [here]. The other study examined the effects of WIA’s employment and training services on employment and earnings. The author used a statistical model in a nonexperimental analysis to compare the outcomes of workers who lost their jobs for reasons including being laid off and either did or did not receive WIA employment services. The author used data from the state Employment Commission’s dislocated worker database, Workforce Investment Act Title IB Standardized Record Data. The study found a statistically significant, negative relationship between the WIA employment services and employment. Those receiving employment services had longer durations of unemployment than those who did not, by about 21 weeks. There were no statistically significant relationships between the WIA employment services and earnings. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated relationships are attributable to the WIA employment services; other factors are likely to have contributed to those relationships.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA)","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2006,https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1196&context=efl_etds,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020. [Community and Technical College Job Prep Training]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [Community and Technical College Job Prep Training]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Community and Technical College (CTC) Job Preparatory Training program on the employment rate, earnings, and public benefit receipt of adults in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental design to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefit receipt between those who took part in the CTC training program and those who registered for employment services at the state Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, participants in the CTC training program had higher employment and earnings, although findings for public benefit receipt were mixed. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors compared the treatment and comparison groups at different follow-up points and the groups were therefore not equivalent. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the CTC Job Preparatory Training program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","Community and Technical College (CTC) Job Preparatory Training Program","Other training and education",Adult,,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). [WIA Youth]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [WIA Youth]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Youth program on the employment rate and earnings of low-income youth. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefits receipt between those who took part in the WIA Youth program relative to those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those who registered for Labor Exchange services, WIA Youth program participants had lower employment, with mixed findings for earnings. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Youth program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Youth Program","Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Youth programs Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Youth, Low income",,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). [Comm. and Tech. ABE]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [Comm. and Tech. ABE]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Mixed impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Community and Technical Colleges Adult Basic Education (ABE) program on the employment, earnings, and public benefits receipt of low-income adults. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefits receipt between those who took part in the ABE program relative to those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those who registered for Labor Exchange services, ABE program participants had higher employment and earnings, and lower public benefits receipt. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the ABE program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Community and Technical Colleges Adult Basic Education (ABE) Program","Other training and education","Adult, Unemployed",,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). [WIA Dislocated Workers]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [WIA Dislocated Workers]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Mixed impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program on the employment rate, earnings, and public benefit receipt of dislocated workers in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental design to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefit receipt between those who took part in the WIA Dislocated Worker Program and those who registered for employment services at the state Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange, participants in the WIA Dislocated Worker Program had higher employment and earnings, although the findings for public benefit receipt were mixed. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors compared the treatment and comparison groups at different follow-up points and the groups were therefore not equivalent. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to WIA Dislocated Worker Program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program","Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Adult, Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Workforce investment act services: Effect on dislocated worker reemployment (Doctoral Disertation)","Walker, M. A. (2006). Workforce investment act services: Effect on dislocated worker reemployment (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Accession No. UMI 3244857. [Study 2: Contrast: WIA employment and training services vs. no service]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Unfavorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the effects of employment and training services offered through the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA) on employment and earnings outcomes. The author investigated similar research questions in another study, the profile of which can be found [here]. The other study examined the effects of WIA’s employment services on the same employment and earnings outcomes when there were no training services. The author used a statistical model in a nonexperimental analysis to compare outcomes of workers who lost their jobs for reasons including being laid off and either did or did not receive WIA employment services. The author used data from the state Employment Commission dislocated worker database, Workforce Investment Act Title IB Standardized Record Data. The study found a statistically significant, negative relationship between the WIA employment and training services and employment. Those receiving employment and training services had longer durations of unemployment than those who did not, by about 23 weeks. There were no statistically significant relationships between the WIA employment and training services and earnings. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the author did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before the intervention. This means we are not confident that the estimated relationships are attributable to the WIA employment and training services; other factors are likely to have contributed to those relationships.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA)","Adult and Dislocated Worker programs Job search assistance and supportive services Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2006,https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1196&context=efl_etds,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). [Private career school programs]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [Private career school programs]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Private Career School program on the employment rate, earnings, and public benefit receipt of adults with a high school education. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefits of those who took part in the Private Career School program relative to those who registered for services at the Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those who registered for Labor Exchange services, Private Career School program participants had higher employment and earnings, and lower receipt of several types of public benefits. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the Private Career School program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Private Career School Programs","Other training and education","Adult, Unemployed","Other services, Transportation and warehousing","United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). [Community and Technical College Worker Retraining Program]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W-J. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. (Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [Community and Technical College Worker Retraining Program]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Mixed impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Community and Technical College (CTC) Worker Retraining program on the employment rate, earnings, and public benefit receipt of long-term unemployed and dislocated workers in Washington State. The authors used a nonexperimental design to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment, earnings, and public benefit receipt between those who took part in the CTC Worker Retraining program and those who registered for employment services at the state Labor Exchange. The study found that, compared with those in the comparison group, participants in the CTC Worker Retraining program had higher employment and earnings, and lower public benefits receipt. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors compared the treatment and comparison groups at different follow-up points and the groups were therefore not equivalent. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to CTC Worker Retraining program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","Community and Technical College Worker Retraining (CTC WR) Program","Community college education and other classroom training Other training and education","Dislocated or displaced worker, Unemployed",,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020. [Dept. of Services for the Blind]","Hollenbeck, K., & Huang, W. (2006). Net impact and benefit-cost estimates of the workforce development system in Washington State. Upjohn Institute technical report no. TR06-020. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. [Dept. of Services for the Blind]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Department of Services for the Blind (DSB) program on the employment rate and earnings of low-income adults who are blind. The authors used a nonexperimental method to compare the short-term (3 quarters after program exit) and long-term (9 to 12 quarters after program exit) employment and earnings between those who took part in the DSB program relative to those who were eligible but did not receive these services. The study found that, compared with those who did not receive these services, DSB program participants had significantly higher employment and earnings. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the DSB program; other factors are likely to have contributed. This study also examined the effectiveness of other workforce development programs. Please click here to find CLEAR profiles of those studies.","the Department of Services for the Blind (DSB) Program","Unemployment Insurance Vocational rehabilitation",Disability,,"United States",2006,http://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=up_technica…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Registered apprenticeship training in the U.S. construction industry","Glover, R. W., & Bilginsoy, C. (2005). Registered apprenticeship training in the U.S. construction industry. Education + Training, 47(4-5), 337-349.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Training-Low-No impacts Training","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of participation in building trades apprenticeship programs sponsored jointly by employers and unions on apprentices’ program completion rates. The authors compared the program completion rates of apprentices who participated in registered apprenticeship programs sponsored jointly by employers and labor unions with those who participated in programs sponsored unilaterally by employers. Data on apprentices’ characteristics, program participation, and completion came from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Registered Apprentices Information System and California State Apprenticeship Council databases. The authors’ analysis included apprentices in 31 states from 1996 to 2003. The study found that the completion rate for joint apprenticeships was higher than for nonjoint apprenticeships, but did not conduct any statistical tests of differences in completion rates. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not account for relevant pre-intervention characteristics in their analysis. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to joint apprenticeship programs; other factors are likely to have contributed.",,"Registered apprenticeship Work based and other occupational training",Adult,Construction,"United States",2005,,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact estimates for services provided through the Workforce Investment Act. ETA Occasional Paper 2005-06. [WIA Adult]","Hollenbeck, K., Schroeder, D., King, C., & Huang, W. (2005). Net impact estimates for services provided through the Workforce Investment Act. ETA Occasional Paper 2005-06. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. [WIA Adult]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program’s core, intensive, and training services on the employment rate, earnings, and benefits receipt of low-income adults ages 22 to 64. The authors established three treatment groups based on the level of WIA services used and matched them to three comparison groups that participated in Employment Services (ES) and/or the core WIA services. The study found that the employment rate and average quarterly earnings were significantly higher for those in each of the treatment groups compared with their matched comparison groups. Benefits receipt was also significantly lower for those in the treatment groups than in their comparison groups. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Adult Program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Adult Program","Job search assistance and supportive services Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Low-skilled, Low income",,"United States",2005,https://wdr.doleta.gov/research/FullText_Documents/Net%20Impact%20Estimates%20f…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol" "Net impact estimates for services provided through the Workforce Investment Act. ETA Occasional Paper 2005-06. [WIA Dislocated Worker]","Hollenbeck, K., Schroeder, D., King, C., & Huang, W. (2005). Net impact estimates for services provided through the Workforce Investment Act. ETA Occasional Paper 2005-06. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. [WIA Dislocated Worker]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-Favorable impacts Employment Public benefits receipt-Low-Favorable impacts Public benefit receipt","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program’s core, intensive, and training services on the employment rate, earnings, and benefits receipt of low-income dislocated workers ages 22 to 64. The authors established three treatment groups based on the level of WIA services used and matched them to three comparison groups that participated in Employment Services (ES) and/or the core WIA services. The study found that the employment rate and average quarterly earnings were significantly higher for those in each of the treatment groups compared with their matched comparison groups. Benefit receipt was also significantly lower for those in the treatment groups than in their comparison groups. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not ensure that the groups being compared were similar before program participation. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WIA Dislocated Worker Program; other factors are likely to have contributed.","the Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Dislocated Worker Program","Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) Workforce Investment Act (WIA)/Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) training programs","Dislocated or displaced worker",,"United States",2005,https://wdr.doleta.gov/research/FullText_Documents/Net%20Impact%20Estimates%20f…,"Employment and Training Review Protocol"