Title,Citation,Topic_area,Study_type,Study_evidence_rating,Outcome_effectiveness,Findings,Intervention_program,Topics,Target_population,Firm_characteristics,Geographic_setting,Original_publication_date,Original_publication_link "Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment impact study","Maguire, S., Freely, J., Clymer, C., Conway, M. & Schwartz, D. (2010). Tuning in to local labor markets: Findings from the Sectoral Employment impact study. Philadelphia: Public/Private Ventures. [Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership]","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: High Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Mod/high-Favorable impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Mod/high-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of the Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership’s (WRTP) sectoral employment program on earnings and employment. The authors investigated similar research questions with two other programs, the profiles of which are available through the study search. The study was based on a randomized controlled trial, with the authors estimating the effect of offering eligible WRTP applicants the program by using survey data to compare average outcomes among those offered access to the program against the average outcomes of those not offered access, after adjusting for differences between the groups. The study found that being offered access to the WRTP’s sectoral employment program increased earnings by $6,255, on average, over the two years after acceptance to the program. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is high because it was based on a well-implemented randomized controlled trial. This means we are confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the WRTP’s sectoral employment program, and not to other factors.","the WRTP Sectoral Employment Program","Job search assistance and supportive services Other training and education","Low income","Construction, Manufacturing, Health care and social assistance","United States",2010,https://www.explorevr.org/sites/explorevr.org/files/files/Tuning%20In%20to%20Lo… "Registered apprenticeship training in the U.S. construction industry","Glover, R. W., & Bilginsoy, C. (2005). Registered apprenticeship training in the U.S. construction industry. Education + Training, 47(4-5), 337-349.","Apprenticeship and Work-Based Training","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Training-Low-No impacts Training","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of participation in building trades apprenticeship programs sponsored jointly by employers and unions on apprentices’ program completion rates. The authors compared the program completion rates of apprentices who participated in registered apprenticeship programs sponsored jointly by employers and labor unions with those who participated in programs sponsored unilaterally by employers. Data on apprentices’ characteristics, program participation, and completion came from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Registered Apprentices Information System and California State Apprenticeship Council databases. The authors’ analysis included apprentices in 31 states from 1996 to 2003. The study found that the completion rate for joint apprenticeships was higher than for nonjoint apprenticeships, but did not conduct any statistical tests of differences in completion rates. The quality of causal evidence presented in this report is low because the authors did not account for relevant pre-intervention characteristics in their analysis. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to joint apprenticeship programs; other factors are likely to have contributed.",,"Registered apprenticeship Work based and other occupational training",Adult,Construction,"United States",2005, "An analysis of the impact of affirmative action programs on self-employment in the construction industry.","Blanchflower, D.G., & Wainwright, J. (2005). An analysis of the impact of affirmative action programs on self-employment in the construction industry. Working paper no. 11793. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.","Employer Compliance","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts Earnings and wages Employment-Low-No impacts Employment","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the impact of City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (referred to as the Croson decision) in 1989, which weakened affirmative action policies, on self-employment, with a focus on the construction industry, by race, ethnicity, and gender. The study used a nonexperimental analyses to compare self-employment before and after the Croson decision. The authors used national data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the 2000 decennial U.S. Census. The study found that gender disparities in self-employment rates have declined since the Croson decision in all industries, but have declined most in construction. In contrast, racial and ethnic disparities in self-employment have declined since the Croson decision in all industries except construction. The quality of causal evidence presented in this study is low because the authors did not control for trends in self-employment or earnings before the Croson decision. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the Croson decision. Other factors are likely to have contributed.","City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.","Affirmative action",Other,Construction,"United States",2005,http://www.nber.org/papers/w11793.pdf "Life after YouthBuild: 900 YouthBuild graduates reflect on their lives, dreams, and experiences","Hahn, A., Leavitt, T., Horvat, E., & Davis, J. (2004). Life after YouthBuild: 900 YouthBuild graduates reflect on their lives, dreams, and experiences. Somerville, MA: Brandeis University Heller School for Social Policy and Management and Temple University College of Education.","Opportunities for Youth","Study Type: Descriptive Analysis",,,"Summary: This report summarizes YouthBuild participants’ experiences after program completion. YouthBuild was founded in 1991 and offers academic instruction and construction training to economically disadvantaged youth who use those skills to build affordable housing for low-income households. The authors collected information on what students go on to do after YouthBuild by conducting in-depth interviews with 57 graduates and a detailed survey of 882 graduates. YouthBuild graduates who were interviewed had a very positive view of the program; they appreciated that staff set high expectations for them while acting as their substitute families and providing a caring environment. They also enjoyed the construction work, which enabled them to see tangible results of their efforts. Many expressed the need for additional career- or education-related programming after the period of full-time participation in YouthBuild. Seventy-five percent of the graduates who were surveyed were either working or engaged in postsecondary studies at the time of the survey, and similar percentages were free of government support and participating in at least one community activity. Like the interview findings, many survey respondents expressed a need for further career- or education-related programming.",Youthbuild,"Youth programs Other training and education Work based and other occupational training","Youth, Low income",Construction,"United States",2004, "Assessing OSHA performance: New evidence from the construction industry","Weil, D. (2001). Assessing OSHA performance: evidence from the construction industry. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 20(4), 651-74.","OSHA Enforcement","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Compliance-Low-Favorable impacts Compliance","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the effect of Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) inspections on compliance behavior among construction contractors from 1987 to 1993. Although OSHA no longer operates as it did during this period, this study provides interesting historical context. The study also contains a descriptive analysis that examined whether OSHA regulatory standards were related to causes of injuries and fatalities (analysis not included in this summary). The study used regression models to analyze the change in compliance probability between the first and subsequent inspections for a given contractor and for a given contractor at a specific work site. The study found that the probability of citation decreased with each additional inspection, with the largest difference between the first and second inspections. The quality of causal evidence presented in this study is low. Although the study provides interesting descriptive information, it does not provide evidence of a causal effect of reinspections on compliance behavior.","OSHA Enforcement Activities","Inspections Safety",Employed,Construction,"United States",2001, "Falls in Construction: Injury Rates for OSHA-Inspected Employers Before and After Citation for Violating the Washington State Fall Protection Standard","Nelson, N., Kaufman, J., Kalat, J., & Silverstein, B. (1997). Falls in construction: Injury rates for OSHA-inspected employers before and after citation for violating the Washington State Fall Protection Standard. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 31(3), 296-302.","OSHA Enforcement","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Health and safety-Low-Favorable impacts Health and safety","Summary: The study’s objective was to determine the effect of receiving an OSHA citation for violating the Washington State Fall Protection Standard on injury claim rates among construction employers. The study used a regression model to compare injury claim rates for construction employers that had received a citation for violating the Washington State Fall Protection Standard between 1991 and 1992 to rates for those that had not received a citation for violating this standard during this time period. The study found that being cited for violating the falls in construction standard was associated with a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of experiencing a subsequent reduction in injury claim rates compared to construction employers that were not cited. The quality of the causal evidence presented in this study is low. This means we are not confident that the differences in the likelihood of experiencing a reduction in injury rates between employers that received a citation for violating the Washington State Fall Protection Standard and employers that did not receive such a citation are attributable to the citations.","OSHA Enforcement Activities","Other health and safety Workers compensation Workplace injury",Employed,Construction,"United States",1997, "The effect of OSHA lead exposure in construction standard on blood lead levels among iron workers employed in bridge rehabilitation","Levin, S., Goldberg, M., & Doucette, J. (1997). The effect of the OSHA lead exposure in construction standard on blood lead levels among iron workers employed in bridge rehabilitation. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 31(3), 303–309.","OSHA Enforcement","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Health and safety-Low-Favorable impacts Health and safety","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the effect of the Lead Exposure in Construction Standard imposed by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), which was introduced in May 1993, on the blood lead levels of iron workers employed in the renovation of a large, lead-painted, steel bridge in New York City in 1993 and 1994. The study compared the blood lead levels of iron workers in 1993 and 1994, before and after the introduction of OSHA’s Lead Exposure in Construction Standard. The study found that there was no significant difference in the maximum blood lead levels of iron workers from 1993 to 1994, but there was a decline in the increment in blood lead levels, defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum levels. The quality of causal evidence presented in this study is low. This means we are not confident that any differences in blood lead levels of iron workers before and after the introduction of the OSHA Lead Exposure in Construction Standard were attributable solely to the introduction of the standard.","OSHA Enforcement Activities","Safety Workplace injury",Employed,Construction,"United States",1997, "An assessment of OSHA’s recent effects on injury rates","McCaffrey, D. (1983). An assessment of OSHA’s recent effects on injury rates. Journal of Human Resources, 18(1), 131-146.","OSHA Enforcement","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Moderate Causal Evidence","Health and safety-Mod/high-No impacts Health and safety","Summary: The study’s objective was to examine the effect of OSHA inspections on injury rates in manufacturing and construction firms from 1976 to 1978. Although OSHA no longer operates as it did during this period, this study provides historical context for changes that were later made to the program. The author used a regression model to compare the differences in injury rates of manufacturing and construction firms that received inspections in March and April (“early”) with those that received inspections in November and December (“late”). The study found that, relative to late OSHA inspections, early OSHA inspections were not associated with a statistically significantly reduction in injury rates within the year of inspection. The quality of causal evidence for some analyses presented in this study is moderate because the analyses used a well-conducted nonexperimental design. This means we have confidence that these findings provide some evidence that OSHA inspections had no effect on injury rates.","OSHA Enforcement Activities","Inspections Workplace injury",Employed,"Construction, Manufacturing","United States",1983,