Title,Citation,Topic_area,Study_type,Study_evidence_rating,Outcome_effectiveness,Findings,Intervention_program,Topics,Target_population,Firm_characteristics,Geographic_setting,Original_publication_date,Original_publication_link,"Review Protocol"
"An analysis of the impact of affirmative action programs on self-employment in the construction industry.","Blanchflower, D.G., & Wainwright, J. (2005). An analysis of the impact of affirmative action programs on self-employment in the construction industry. Working paper no. 11793. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.","Employer Compliance","Study Type: Causal Impact Analysis","Causal Evidence Rating: Low Causal Evidence","Earnings and wages-Low-No impacts
      
    
  
              


      
            Earnings and wages
      


  
      
            Employment-Low-No impacts
      
    
  
              


      
            Employment","Summary:


The study’s objective was to examine the impact of City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co. (referred to as the Croson decision) in 1989, which weakened affirmative action policies, on self-employment, with a focus on the construction industry, by race, ethnicity, and gender.
The study used a nonexperimental analyses to compare self-employment before and after the Croson decision. The authors used national data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the 2000 decennial U.S. Census.
The study found that gender disparities in self-employment rates have declined since the Croson decision in all industries, but have declined most in construction. In contrast, racial and ethnic disparities in self-employment have declined since the Croson decision in all industries except construction.
The quality of causal evidence presented in this study is low because the authors did not control for trends in self-employment or earnings before the Croson decision. This means we are not confident that the estimated effects are attributable to the Croson decision. Other factors are likely to have contributed.","City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.","Affirmative action",Other,Construction,"United States",2005,http://www.nber.org/papers/w11793.pdf,"Employer Compliance Review Protocol"